*Updated* HESI A2 Reading Comprehension Diagnostic (47 Questions)

Question 1 of 47

1. Question

When Dinosaurs Coughed

Centuries of research and fossil evidence have allowed us to visualize various aspects of dinosaurs, ranging from how they looked to how they acted. Thanks to a recent study that analyzed fossil remains discovered in Montana, it is possible that dinosaurs may have even caught and dealt with the annoying symptoms of the common cold, just like humans do! During an excavation, paleontologists uncovered the remains of a diplodocid, a large herbivore with a long neck. Due to its size, this type of dinosaur breathed in air through sacs in its neck, which were directly connected to its respiratory system. The fossil remains of the dinosaur indicated that a pathogen had infected its lungs and respiratory system. Although researchers have not yet pinpointed the exact source of the infection, one hypothesis posits that it is the Aspergillus fungus, which infects reptiles and birds to this day. No matter the origin, the study shows that the illness caused symptoms similar to a cough and increased body temperature, which are indicative of the common cold.

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

Research shows that the Aspergillus fungus is most likely the reason why dinosaurs may have been afflicted with respiratory illnesses.
Research shows that some dinosaurs likely dealt with respiratory illnesses with symptoms similar to the common cold.
Dinosaurs with longer necks were more susceptible to respiratory illnesses, most notably those involving an airborne fungus.
A recent study found that Diplodocid dinosaurs breathed through sacs that connected directly to the respiratory system.

Question 2 of 47

2. Question

When Dinosaurs Coughed

Centuries of research and fossil evidence have allowed us to visualize various aspects of dinosaurs, ranging from how they looked to how they acted. Thanks to a recent study that analyzed fossil remains discovered in Montana, it is possible that dinosaurs may have even caught and dealt with the annoying symptoms of the common cold, just like humans do! During an excavation, paleontologists uncovered the remains of a diplodocid, a large herbivore with a long neck. Due to its size, this type of dinosaur breathed in air through sacs in its neck, which were directly connected to its respiratory system. The fossil remains of the dinosaur indicated that a pathogen had infected its lungs and respiratory system. Although researchers have not yet pinpointed the exact source of the infection, one hypothesis posits that it is the Aspergillus fungus, which infects reptiles and birds to this day. No matter the origin, the study shows that the illness caused symptoms similar to a cough and increased body temperature, which are indicative of the common cold.

Which of the following is true, based on the passage?

The anatomy of the Diplodocid dinosaur had an impact on how it drew in and transported air to the rest of its body.
Fossil remains prove that Diplodocid dinosaurs had a harder time breathing when compared to other dinosaurs.
The Aspergillus fungus was more prevalent on the Earth when dinosaurs were alive, compared to present day.
The Diplodocid dinosaur was more susceptible to illness due to its diet of mostly plants and vegetation.

Question 3 of 47

3. Question

When Dinosaurs Coughed

Centuries of research and fossil evidence have allowed us to visualize various aspects of dinosaurs, ranging from how they looked to how they acted. Thanks to a recent study that analyzed fossil remains discovered in Montana, it is possible that dinosaurs may have even caught and dealt with the annoying symptoms of the common cold, just like humans do! During an excavation, paleontologists uncovered the remains of a diplodocid, a large herbivore with a long neck. Due to its size, this type of dinosaur breathed in air through sacs in its neck, which were directly connected to its respiratory system. The fossil remains of the dinosaur indicated that a pathogen had infected its lungs and respiratory system. Although researchers have not yet pinpointed the exact source of the infection, one hypothesis posits that it is the Aspergillus fungus, which infects reptiles and birds to this day. No matter the origin, the study shows that the illness caused symptoms similar to a cough and increased body temperature, which are indicative of the common cold.

What is the best summary of the passage?

Thanks to evidence from a recent excavation in Montana, researchers have found that a herbivore dinosaur with a long neck suffered from a respiratory illness, likely due to how it inhaled air through sacs on its neck.
Fossil evidence uncovered in Montana shows that the Aspergillus fungus may have been present on Earth before Homo sapiens even appeared, and could have been the cause of a respiratory illness infecting certain dinosaurs.
A research study hints at the fact that a pathogen, perhaps stemming from the Aspergillus fungus, infected dinosaurs and may have ultimately been responsible for certain illnesses or early deaths.
Although the reason is unknown, a discovery has shown that at least one Diplodocid dinosaur was infected by a pathogen that attacked its respiratory system, producing symptoms similar to the common cold.

Question 4 of 47

4. Question

Understanding Rare Diseases

Although rare diseases are prevalent throughout the global community, they are not given enough attention by the healthcare community. Currently, there are approximately seven thousand rare diseases affecting people all over the world, and they affect nearly thirty million Americans alone. Depending on where someone lives, the definition of a rare disease changes drastically. In the United States, for example, a disease is considered rare if it affects fewer than 200,000 people. In the European Union, however, a disease is only defined as rare if it affects fewer than one in two thousand people. The differences in the mere definition of what a rare disease is can lead to difficulties in diagnoses. Diagnosing a rare disease with certainty can be problematic due to the scarcity of information available as well as a lack of consensus within the healthcare community. Rather than dismissing a patient’s concerns because of a lack of evidence, primary care physicians should be a source of support and help alleviate their patients’ worries over healthcare issues the best they can. It is imperative that general practitioners are well-versed in the area of rare diseases so that they can help affected patients find answers and support.

What is the best summary of the passage?

Diagnosing a rare disease with certainty can be problematic due to the scarcity of information available as well as a lack of consensus within the healthcare community.
The differences in the mere definition of what a rare disease is can lead to difficulties in diagnoses.
Rather than dismissing a patient’s concerns because of a lack of evidence, primary care physicians should be a source of support and help alleviate their patients’ worries over healthcare issues the best they can.
Currently, there are approximately seven thousand rare diseases affecting people all over the world, and they affect nearly thirty million Americans alone.

Question 5 of 47

5. Question

Understanding Rare Diseases

Although rare diseases are prevalent throughout the global community, they are not given enough attention by the healthcare community. Currently, there are approximately seven thousand rare diseases affecting people all over the world, and they affect nearly thirty million Americans alone. Depending on where someone lives, the definition of a rare disease changes drastically. In the United States, for example, a disease is considered rare if it affects fewer than 200,000 people. In the European Union, however, a disease is only defined as rare if it affects fewer than one in two thousand people. The differences in the mere definition of what a rare disease is can lead to difficulties in diagnoses. Diagnosing a rare disease with certainty can be problematic due to the scarcity of information available as well as a lack of consensus within the healthcare community. Rather than dismissing a patient’s concerns because of a lack of evidence, primary care physicians should be a source of support and help alleviate their patients’ worries over healthcare issues the best they can. It is imperative that general practitioners are well-versed in the area of rare diseases so that they can help affected patients find answers and support.

Which of the following ideas can be inferred from the passage?

There is a higher chance that a disease could be considered rare under the United States’ definition as compared to that of the European Union.
Rare diseases are the most prevalent in the United States when compared to other countries.
If everyone in the healthcare community agreed on the definition of a rare disease, diagnosing patients would no longer pose any problems.
Most primary care physicians do not provide adequate support to patients who have a rare disease.

Question 6 of 47

6. Question

Understanding Rare Diseases

Although rare diseases are prevalent throughout the global community, they are not given enough attention by the healthcare community. Currently, there are approximately seven thousand rare diseases affecting people all over the world, and they affect nearly thirty million Americans alone. Depending on where someone lives, the definition of a rare disease changes drastically. In the United States, for example, a disease is considered rare if it affects fewer than 200,000 people. In the European Union, however, a disease is only defined as rare if it affects fewer than one in two thousand people. The differences in the mere definition of what a rare disease is can lead to difficulties in diagnoses. Diagnosing a rare disease with certainty can be problematic due to the scarcity of information available as well as a lack of consensus within the healthcare community. Rather than dismissing a patient’s concerns because of a lack of evidence, primary care physicians should be a source of support and help alleviate their patients’ worries over healthcare issues the best they can. It is imperative that general practitioners are well-versed in the area of rare diseases so that they can help affected patients find answers and support.

Which supporting detail is an example of opinion, rather than fact?

There is a scarcity of readily available information when it comes to rare diseases.
There are nearly seven thousand different types of rare diseases.
General practitioners must always be supportive of patients suffering from rare diseases.
Depending on where people are located, their understanding of a rare disease could change.

Question 7 of 47

7. Question

A True Renaissance Man

Have you ever heard the term, “Renaissance Man”? This phrase developed in Italy during the Renaissance period (from the 14th century to the 17th century) and was used to describe a person who embraced a great deal of knowledge across a variety of disciplines. Galileo Galilei, the Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer is perhaps the best example of a true Renaissance Man. Not only did he study a wide range of academic subjects, ranging from mathematics to linguistics, but he was also courageous enough to challenge scientific theories that existed at the time. Galileo’s most famous discovery debunked the most widely-held belief during that period: that the Earth was located in the center of the universe. His scientific findings and ideas showing that the Sun was actually the center of the universe ultimately caused him to become the target of the Inquisition, an official religious investigation against ideas that contradicted the Catholic church. After being charged with heresy, most of Galileo’s writings were banned and he spent the remainder of his life in prison. Despite this unjust and harsh treatment, he is now celebrated as one of the greatest minds of all time, as well as the “father” of modern science. Unfortunately, Galileo was not the only scholar to have undergone this punishment for challenging the status quo during that time. Thankfully, justice has finally been served to a great “Renaissance Man”.

Based on the passage, what can be inferred regarding the acceptance of ideas that challenged existing principles during the time of Galileo?

Ideas that contradicted the existing ideology were generally accepted, as long as they had scientific evidence to support them.
Ideas that challenged existing theories at the time were heavily investigated and abolished if they contradicted existing religious teachings.
Both the scientific and religious communities were receptive to new ideas as a way to better understand the world around them.
While the scientific community was accepting of new ideas, the religious community was more powerful and better able to eradicate contradictory ideologies.

Question 8 of 47

8. Question

A True Renaissance Man

Have you ever heard the term, “Renaissance Man”? This phrase developed in Italy during the Renaissance period (from the 14th century to the 17th century) and was used to describe a person who embraced a great deal of knowledge across a variety of disciplines. Galileo Galilei, the Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer is perhaps the best example of a true Renaissance Man. Not only did he study a wide range of academic subjects, ranging from mathematics to linguistics, but he was also courageous enough to challenge scientific theories that existed at the time. Galileo’s most famous discovery debunked the most widely-held belief during that period: that the Earth was located in the center of the universe. His scientific findings and ideas showing that the Sun was actually the center of the universe ultimately caused him to become the target of the Inquisition, an official religious investigation against ideas that contradicted the Catholic church. After being charged with heresy, most of Galileo’s writings were banned and he spent the remainder of his life in prison. Despite this unjust and harsh treatment, he is now celebrated as one of the greatest minds of all time, as well as the “father” of modern science. Unfortunately, Galileo was not the only scholar to have undergone this punishment for challenging the status quo during that time. Thankfully, justice has finally been served to a great “Renaissance Man”.

What is the author’s purpose for writing this paragraph?

To inform readers about the Inquisition during the Renaissance period
To satirize the way people reacted to Galileo’s scientific theories
To persuade readers to stand up to injustice within their communities
To persuade the reader that Galileo was a great example of a “Renaissance Man” who was unjustly treated

Question 9 of 47

9. Question

A True Renaissance Man

Have you ever heard the term, “Renaissance Man”? This phrase developed in Italy during the Renaissance period (from the 14th century to the 17th century) and was used to describe a person who embraced a great deal of knowledge across a variety of disciplines. Galileo Galilei, the Italian astronomer, physicist, and engineer is perhaps the best example of a true Renaissance Man. Not only did he study a wide range of academic subjects, ranging from mathematics to linguistics, but he was also courageous enough to challenge scientific theories that existed at the time. Galileo’s most famous discovery debunked the most widely-held belief during that period: that the Earth was located in the center of the universe. His scientific findings and ideas showing that the Sun was actually the center of the universe ultimately caused him to become the target of the Inquisition, an official religious investigation against ideas that contradicted the Catholic church. After being charged with heresy, most of Galileo’s writings were banned and he spent the remainder of his life in prison. Despite this unjust and harsh treatment, he is now celebrated as one of the greatest minds of all time, as well as the “father” of modern science. Unfortunately, Galileo was not the only scholar to have undergone this punishment for challenging the status quo during that time. Thankfully, justice has finally been served to a great “Renaissance Man”.

Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

The fact that Galileo’s scientific idea regarding the Sun’s position is now accepted as truth makes up for his unjust treatment during the Renaissance period.
If Galileo’s ideas had been accepted while he was alive, the world would have been much different today.
Galileo Galilei and other similar scholars were treated unfairly for their revolutionary ideas during the Renaissance period.
The Inquisition was a historical period in which the highest number of scholars were unjustly imprisoned.

Question 10 of 47

10. Question

Scary Science

If you thought that scary movies were only popular during Halloween, think again. No matter what time of year it is, “horror” is one of the most popular genres in both box offices and streaming services. In fact, the genre’s market share has been steadily increasing since 2020, and currently accounts for nearly a quarter of ticket sales across all genres! However, not all types of scary movies are popular in the same way. Neuroscientists from Regent’s University in London recently examined why certain horror movies are considered to be more popular or “scarier” than others. They believe that certain visual stimuli consistently produce intense reactions from audiences, based on evolutionary predispositions and social conditioning. When it comes to the former, the research team argues that certain things trigger a “fight or flight” response, which is likely rooted in our earliest memories and spans a wide range of topics and situations. When scary movies rely on gory scenes with blood, for example, viewers may subconsciously recall a traumatic childhood memory, like a scraped knee from falling off of a bike, and feel an intense reaction. On the other hand, social conditioning explains why audiences are scared of things that present a negligible threat. For example, even though less than one-tenth of a percent of spiders have been responsible for human deaths, they have been used as scare tactics in movies for decades. While using blood and spiders in movies might seem overdone and predictable, science shows that these aspects might never stop being scary.

What is the main idea of the passage?

Scary movies have been getting more popular, despite the common myth that they are only popular during Halloween.
Oftentimes, people remember intense experiences from their childhood, and they recall them at certain moments in life.
Social conditioning and evolutionary tendencies play a part in why certain scary movies are frightening or sought-after.
Horror movies are popular because they employ more interesting techniques that produce intense reactions, such as adding in gory scenes and insects.

Question 11 of 47

11. Question

Scary Science

If you thought that scary movies were only popular during Halloween, think again. No matter what time of year it is, “horror” is one of the most popular genres in both box offices and streaming services. In fact, the genre’s market share has been steadily increasing since 2020, and currently accounts for nearly a quarter of ticket sales across all genres! However, not all types of scary movies are popular in the same way. Neuroscientists from Regent’s University in London recently examined why certain horror movies are considered to be more popular or “scarier” than others. They believe that certain visual stimuli consistently produce intense reactions from audiences, based on evolutionary predispositions and social conditioning. When it comes to the former, the research team argues that certain things trigger a “fight or flight” response, which is likely rooted in our earliest memories and spans a wide range of topics and situations. When scary movies rely on gory scenes with blood, for example, viewers may subconsciously recall a traumatic childhood memory, like a scraped knee from falling off of a bike, and feel an intense reaction. On the other hand, social conditioning explains why audiences are scared of things that present a negligible threat. For example, even though less than one-tenth of a percent of spiders have been responsible for human deaths, they have been used as scare tactics in movies for decades. While using blood and spiders in movies might seem overdone and predictable, science shows that these aspects might never stop being scary.

Based on the text, what is true regarding elements in horror movies that provoke a “fight or flight” response?

Starting from the first horror movie decades ago, they have always been added into the plot to evoke a visceral effect.
These elements typically involve classically “scary” things, like blood and gore.
After decades of being used in numerous films, they will likely be seen as unoriginal and clichéd in the near future.
They could be connected to situations that audiences recall from an earlier time in life, thus producing powerful reactions.

Question 12 of 47

12. Question

Scary Science

If you thought that scary movies were only popular during Halloween, think again. No matter what time of year it is, “horror” is one of the most popular genres in both box offices and streaming services. In fact, the genre’s market share has been steadily increasing since 2020, and currently accounts for nearly a quarter of ticket sales across all genres! However, not all types of scary movies are popular in the same way. Neuroscientists from Regent’s University in London recently examined why certain horror movies are considered to be more popular or “scarier” than others. They believe that certain visual stimuli consistently produce intense reactions from audiences, based on evolutionary predispositions and social conditioning. When it comes to the former, the research team argues that certain things trigger a “fight or flight” response, which is likely rooted in our earliest memories and spans a wide range of topics and situations. When scary movies rely on gory scenes with blood, for example, viewers may subconsciously recall a traumatic childhood memory, like a scraped knee from falling off of a bike, and feel an intense reaction. On the other hand, social conditioning explains why audiences are scared of things that present a negligible threat. For example, even though less than one-tenth of a percent of spiders have been responsible for human deaths, they have been used as scare tactics in movies for decades. While using blood and spiders in movies might seem overdone and predictable, science shows that these aspects might never stop being scary.

What is the meaning of the word “negligible” as it is used in the paragraph?

Significantly important to a certain degree
So small and unimportant that it is not worth considering
Failing to take proper care of something
Completed to a satisfactory degree

Question 13 of 47

13. Question

The Science of Ski Jumping

Ski jumping is one of the most popular sports performed at the Winter Olympics, and for good reason! The intense sport involves a descent along a springboard that allows athletes to move at a speed of approximately one hundred kilometers per hour for up to seven seconds before landing on the snow. By the end of the round, it is quite possible that the skier has traveled a distance equal to a football field! Perhaps what most people do not think about, however, is how physics and aerodynamics play a part in all of this. Gravity, lifting, and endurance are three physical concepts that play a large part in the success of an athlete’s ski jump. The goal of ski jumpers is to strategically position the body, from the beginning until the end of the routine, in order to maximize lift and reduce resistance as much as possible. Of course, an athlete cannot defy gravitational force, no matter how much they have trained. However, they can compensate for the force by aiming to lift themselves higher. Ultimately, the interaction between the weight of the athlete’s body and the air naturally produces resistance, which eventually slows down the body’s movement in the air and brings it back to the ground.

Which of the following ideas can be inferred from the passage?

The greater an athlete’s body mass is, the more difficult it could be for them to reduce the resistance of gravity in the air.
Working against gravity is the most challenging part of a ski jump.
An athlete’s starting position on the springboard and beginning seconds of the jump does not necessarily have an impact on the outcome.
When it comes to ski jumping, preparatory training is not as important as an athlete’s body mass.

Question 14 of 47

14. Question

The Science of Ski Jumping

Ski jumping is one of the most popular sports performed at the Winter Olympics, and for good reason! The intense sport involves a descent along a springboard that allows athletes to move at a speed of approximately one hundred kilometers per hour for up to seven seconds before landing on the snow. By the end of the round, it is quite possible that the skier has traveled a distance equal to a football field! Perhaps what most people do not think about, however, is how physics and aerodynamics play a part in all of this. Gravity, lifting, and endurance are three physical concepts that play a large part in the success of an athlete’s ski jump. The goal of ski jumpers is to strategically position the body, from the beginning until the end of the routine, in order to maximize lift and reduce resistance as much as possible. Of course, an athlete cannot defy gravitational force, no matter how much they have trained. However, they can compensate for the force by aiming to lift themselves higher. Ultimately, the interaction between the weight of the athlete’s body and the air naturally produces resistance, which eventually slows down the body’s movement in the air and brings it back to the ground.

What is the best summary of the passage?

Because of the role that physics and aerodynamics play in the sport of ski jumping, athletes must train consistently and devote their athletic careers to mastering strategic positions.
Concepts from physics and aerodynamics play a large part in the mechanics behind the sport of ski jumping, ranging from gravitational force to the resistance between the body and the air.
Even though people are fascinated by the sport of ski jumping, they probably are not aware of the dedication and training it takes to master the sport, nor are they familiar with the aerodynamic mechanics behind the sport.
During the sport of ski jumping, resistance is produced when an athlete’s body hits the air, slowing down the movement of the jump.

Question 15 of 47

15. Question

The Science of Ski Jumping

Ski jumping is one of the most popular sports performed at the Winter Olympics, and for good reason! The intense sport involves a descent along a springboard that allows athletes to move at a speed of approximately one hundred kilometers per hour for up to seven seconds before landing on the snow. By the end of the round, it is quite possible that the skier has traveled a distance equal to a football field! Perhaps what most people do not think about, however, is how physics and aerodynamics play a part in all of this. Gravity, lifting, and endurance are three physical concepts that play a large part in the success of an athlete’s ski jump. The goal of ski jumpers is to strategically position the body, from the beginning until the end of the routine, in order to maximize lift and reduce resistance as much as possible. Of course, an athlete cannot defy gravitational force, no matter how much they have trained. However, they can compensate for the force by aiming to lift themselves higher. Ultimately, the interaction between the weight of the athlete’s body and the air naturally produces resistance, which eventually slows down the body’s movement in the air and brings it back to the ground.

Which of the following is a synonym for the word “compensate” as it is used at the end of the paragraph?

Make up for
Repay
Overshoot
Give back

Question 16 of 47

16. Question

Pincherle’s Penicillin

Almost everyone is familiar with the benefits of Penicillin, but not many are aware of one of the most important advocates for its distribution in poverty-stricken communities, Dr. Bruno Pincherle. He was born in 1903 in Trieste, a city in northern Italy, and quickly began working in the area of disease prevention in economically-disadvantaged communities upon finishing medical school. The disasters of poverty that Pincherle witnessed made him increasingly aware of the harsh living conditions that were rampant in these economically-disadvantaged communities. When he realized that a disproportionate number of children were dying from the limited availability of Penicillin, Pincherle organized the free distribution of the medicine. This act was truly unprecedented for the time, especially given the fact that resources were limited and poverty was at an all-time high. Thanks to his commitment, Trieste was the first Italian city to provide free Penicillin in their hospitals to citizens. Pincherle’s steadfast determination for those in need is admirable and should be the benchmark for those in healthcare professions.

What is the main idea of the passage?

The disasters of poverty that Pincherle witnessed made him increasingly aware of the harsh living conditions that were rampant in these economically-disadvantaged communities.
Thanks to his commitment, Trieste was the first Italian city to provide free Penicillin in their hospitals to citizens.
When he realized that a disproportionate number of children were dying from the limited availability of Penicillin, Pincherle organized the free distribution of the medicine.
Pincherle’s steadfast determination to those in need is admirable and should be the benchmark for those in healthcare professions.

Question 17 of 47

17. Question

Pincherle’s Penicillin

Almost everyone is familiar with the benefits of Penicillin, but not many are aware of one of the most important advocates for its distribution in poverty-stricken communities, Dr. Bruno Pincherle. He was born in 1903 in Trieste, a city in northern Italy, and quickly began working in the area of disease prevention in economically-disadvantaged communities upon finishing medical school. The disasters of poverty that Pincherle witnessed made him increasingly aware of the harsh living conditions that were rampant in these economically-disadvantaged communities. When he realized that a disproportionate number of children were dying from the limited availability of Penicillin, Pincherle organized the free distribution of the medicine. This act was truly unprecedented for the time, especially given the fact that resources were limited and poverty was at an all-time high. Thanks to his commitment, Trieste was the first Italian city to provide free Penicillin in their hospitals to citizens. Pincherle’s steadfast determination for those in need is admirable and should be the benchmark for those in healthcare professions.

Which supporting detail is an example of opinion, rather than fact?

Dr. Pincherle’s continuous support to communities in need is worthy of admiration.
Dr. Pincherle witnessed the effects of poverty first-hand through his profession.
Dr. Pincherle realized that many children were dying due to a lack of penicillin.
Dr. Pincherle was interested in disease prevention.

Question 18 of 47

18. Question

Pincherle’s Penicillin

Almost everyone is familiar with the benefits of Penicillin, but not many are aware of one of the most important advocates for its distribution in poverty-stricken communities, Dr. Bruno Pincherle. He was born in 1903 in Trieste, a city in northern Italy, and quickly began working in the area of disease prevention in economically-disadvantaged communities upon finishing medical school. The disasters of poverty that Pincherle witnessed made him increasingly aware of the harsh living conditions that were rampant in these economically-disadvantaged communities. When he realized that a disproportionate number of children were dying from the limited availability of Penicillin, Pincherle organized the free distribution of the medicine. This act was truly unprecedented for the time, especially given the fact that resources were limited and poverty was at an all-time high. Thanks to his commitment, Trieste was the first Italian city to provide free Penicillin in their hospitals to citizens. Pincherle’s steadfast determination to those in need is admirable and should be the benchmark for those in healthcare professions.

Why does the author include the detail, “This act was truly unprecedented for the time, especially given the fact that resources were limited and poverty was at an all-time high,” in the paragraph?

To inform audiences about the economic situation in Trieste, Italy at the time.
To persuade audiences to advocate for better access to healthcare in areas of need.
To support the idea that Dr. Pincherle’s advocacy work was important and remarkable for the time period.
To highlight the fact that Dr. Pincherle was extremely busy at the time.

Question 19 of 47

19. Question

Royal Influence

If you use social media, you are likely familiar with influencers, people who influence potential buyers by recommending products through various platforms. Although “influencers” may seem to be relatively new and connected to the world of social media, the concept has actually been around for centuries. Long before technology played a part in communications, aristocrats and royal families commanded the scene of what was popular and what was out of style. Perhaps the best example of a historical influencer is Margherita of Savoy, the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy before it was a united nation. Born into a royal family in 1851, Margherita received a thorough education and was destined to hold a position of power and influence. She became the Queen of Italy when her husband, Umberto I, took the throne in 1878. However, the pair were not automatically popular, as there had been general disfavor for the Italian monarchy as well as political unrest in Europe before their reign. Despite this, she was successful in capturing the hearts of both aristocrats and normal citizens alike. Historical accounts show that the young queen played a part in uniting customs and traditions from different cities in the Italian kingdom by sharing them during her travels and official state visits. In just a short amount of time, Queen Margherita became a style icon and role model for women throughout Europe. In fact, the first Italian fashion magazine was named after her, as well as the “Margherita pizza”, a simple cheese pizza that remains popular to this day. Although her reign was centuries ago, Queen Margherita is clearly still influencing us!

Based on the passage, which of the following inferences can be made about the monarchs that preceded Margherita and Umberto I?

Compared to Margherita and Umberto I, they were initially better able to support their subjects and listen to them.
They were not popular and likely did not have the general support of their subjects.
Although they were popular when they ascended to the throne, they probably left the monarchy because of general disfavor.
They purposely ended their rule because society was growing tired of being ruled by a monarchy.

Question 20 of 47

20. Question

Royal Influence

If you use social media, you are likely familiar with influencers, people who influence potential buyers by recommending products through various platforms. Although “influencers” may seem to be relatively new and connected to the world of social media, the concept has actually been around for centuries. Long before technology played a part in communications, aristocrats and royal families commanded the scene of what was popular and what was out of style. Perhaps the best example of a historical influencer is Margherita of Savoy, the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy before it was a united nation. Born into a royal family in 1851, Margherita received a thorough education and was destined to hold a position of power and influence. She became the Queen of Italy when her husband, Umberto I, took the throne in 1878. However, the pair were not automatically popular, as there had been general disfavor for the Italian monarchy as well as political unrest in Europe before their reign. Despite this, she was successful in capturing the hearts of both aristocrats and normal citizens alike. Historical accounts show that the young queen played a part in uniting customs and traditions from different cities in the Italian kingdom by sharing them during her travels and official state visits. In just a short amount of time, Queen Margherita became a style icon and role model for women throughout Europe. In fact, the first Italian fashion magazine was named after her, as well as the “Margherita pizza”, a simple cheese pizza that remains popular to this day. Although her reign was centuries ago, Queen Margherita is clearly still influencing us!

Which of the following details supports the idea that Margherita of Savoy helped create a sense of cohesion in the kingdom of Italy?

She was responsible for the circulation of different cultural aspects from various places around the kingdom.
Normal citizens were interested in her ideas and style.
Women throughout Europe looked up to her for her opinions and style concepts.
Her influence is still recognizable throughout Italy today.

Question 21 of 47

21. Question

Royal Influence

If you use social media, you are likely familiar with influencers, people who influence potential buyers by recommending products through various platforms. Although “influencers” may seem to be relatively new and connected to the world of social media, the concept has actually been around for centuries. Long before technology played a part in communications, aristocrats and royal families commanded the scene of what was popular and what was out of style. Perhaps the best example of a historical influencer is Margherita of Savoy, the Queen consort of the Kingdom of Italy before it was a united nation. Born into a royal family in 1851, Margherita received a thorough education and was destined to hold a position of power and influence. She became the Queen of Italy when her husband, Umberto I, took the throne in 1878. However, the pair were not automatically popular, as there had been general disfavor for the Italian monarchy as well as political unrest in Europe before their reign. Despite this, she was successful in capturing the hearts of both aristocrats and normal citizens alike. Historical accounts show that the young queen played a part in uniting customs and traditions from different cities in the Italian kingdom by sharing them during her travels and official state visits. In just a short amount of time, Queen Margherita became a style icon and role model for women throughout Europe. In fact, the first Italian fashion magazine was named after her, as well as the “Margherita pizza”, a simple cheese pizza that remains popular to this day. Although her reign was centuries ago, Queen Margherita is clearly still influencing us!

Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Margherita of Savoy was a better influencer than modern-day influencers.
Margherita of Savoy’s educational background contributed greatly to her ability to influence the masses.
Because of Margherita of Savoy’s influence, her husband’s ideology was accepted more readily by the citizens of the kingdom.
Margherita of Savoy’s influence was strong enough to withstand centuries.

Question 22 of 47

22. Question

The Mysterious Spine

What started out as a routine archaeological dig near the city of Lima turned into a macabre discovery that is leaving researchers scratching their heads in search of an answer. During the dig’s exploration phase, archaeologists found themselves in front of nearly two hundred poles covered with human vertebrae. Scientific analyses, including carbon dating procedures, suggest that the bones belonged to individuals who died between 1520 and 1550. Based on this information, two hypotheses have been formed that could potentially explain the discovery. The dates coincide with a period of famine and epidemics in Peru, causing some researchers to believe that the Chincha population reassembled the remains of the dead as a symbolic ritual of protection. In fact, this practice was not limited to the Chincha of Peru. Others believe that it has to do more with the invasion of the Spaniards, which occurred in the mid-1500s. Since invaders were known to loot graveyards in order to steal gold and silver that were buried with the deceased, some researchers posit that the Chincha hoped to prevent this from happening by deconstructing the remains themselves. Although the exact cause is not known, it has been proven that the vertebrae were placed on the rods arbitrarily, rather than following the exact order of the spine.

Which of the following inferences can be made from the passage?

After 1550, the Chincha civilization did not continue with the practice of disassembling the remains of the dead.
People within the Chincha civilization also looted graves for gold and silver in order to barter with Spanish invaders.
Other civilizations, in addition to the Chincha, have disassembled human remains for symbolic rites and ceremonies.
The archaeologists who initially found the poles did not have background knowledge of the civilization’s rites and rituals.

Question 23 of 47

23. Question

The Mysterious Spine

What started out as a routine archaeological dig near the city of Lima turned into a macabre discovery that is leaving researchers scratching their heads in search of an answer. During the dig’s exploration phase, archaeologists found themselves in front of nearly two hundred poles covered with human vertebrae. Scientific analyses, including carbon dating procedures, suggest that the bones belonged to individuals who died between 1520 and 1550. Based on this information, two hypotheses have been formed that could potentially explain the discovery. The dates coincide with a period of famine and epidemics in Peru, causing some researchers to believe that the Chincha population reassembled the remains of the dead as a symbolic ritual of protection. In fact, this practice was not limited to the Chincha of Peru. Others believe that it has to do more with the invasion of the Spaniards, which occurred in the mid-1500s. Since invaders were known to loot graveyards in order to steal gold and silver that were buried with the deceased, some researchers posit that the Chincha hoped to prevent this from happening by deconstructing the remains themselves. Although the exact cause is not known, it has been proven that the vertebrae were placed on the rods arbitrarily, rather than following the exact order of the spine.

What is the author’s purpose for writing this paragraph?

To inform the reader of a recent unsolved discovery and its potential explanations.
To criticize the fact that researchers have been unable to prove the origin of the discovery.
To explain the method by which researchers came across the ancient ruins.
To entertain the reader with information regarding a surprising discovery in Lima.

Question 24 of 47

24. Question

The Mysterious Spine

What started out as a routine archaeological dig near the city of Lima turned into a macabre discovery that is leaving researchers scratching their heads in search of an answer. During the dig’s exploration phase, archaeologists found themselves in front of nearly two hundred poles covered with human vertebrae. Scientific analyses, including carbon dating procedures, suggest that the bones belonged to individuals who died between 1520 and 1550. Based on this information, two hypotheses have been formed that could potentially explain the discovery. The dates coincide with a period of famine and epidemics in Peru, causing some researchers to believe that the Chincha population reassembled the remains of the dead as a symbolic ritual of protection. In fact, this practice was not limited to the Chincha of Peru. Others believe that it has to do more with the invasion of the Spaniards, which occurred in the mid-1500s. Since invaders were known to loot graveyards in order to steal gold and silver that were buried with the deceased, some researchers posit that the Chincha hoped to prevent this from happening by deconstructing the remains themselves. Although the exact cause is not known, it has been proven that the vertebrae were placed on the rods arbitrarily, rather than following the exact order of the spine.

What is the meaning of the word “arbitrarily”, as it is used in the last sentence of the paragraph?

in a logical order
placed randomly
arranged in a messy way
planned out in advance

Question 25 of 47

25. Question

The Digital Divide

Could you imagine a life without the Internet? Most people would cringe at the thought of having to pass just one day without using the Internet to shop, keep in touch with friends, or just scroll the time away. However, three billion people around the world have never had access to the Internet, according to a recent report from the United Nations, and pass each and every day without it. This means that roughly one in three people on the planet do not have access to perhaps the most innovative tool known to man. According to the study, an overwhelming ninety-six percent of people who do not have access to the Internet live in developing countries. This statistic is alarming and potentially dangerous. Areas that do not have the possibility to connect with the outside world are at risk of isolation, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, data shows that there is a correlation between poor infrastructure and lack of Internet in the least developed countries. This makes sense since digital tools play a large part in helping advance society in more ways than one. In order to help solve this issue, the United Nations’ Information Technology branch is creating useful initiatives that will bring basic Internet tools to economically-disadvantaged areas. After all, given its ability to help those in need, the Internet should not be a luxury, nor should it be limited to those in industrialized nations.

Which statement best summarizes the paragraph?

Even if it is considered to be a popular digital tool, the Internet is unavailable to three billion people.
Although many people in developing countries do not have access to the Internet, initiatives are in place to solve the problems associated with this imbalance.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an effect on the dangerous risks of isolation of countries that do not have access to the Internet.
Low-quality infrastructure is a serious example of how the digital divide has created problems in developing countries.

Question 26 of 47

26. Question

The Digital Divide

Could you imagine a life without the Internet? Most people would cringe at the thought of having to pass just one day without using the Internet to shop, keep in touch with friends, or just scroll the time away. However, three billion people around the world have never had access to the Internet, according to a recent report from the United Nations, and pass each and every day without it. This means that roughly one in three people on the planet do not have access to perhaps the most innovative tool known to man. According to the study, an overwhelming ninety-six percent of people who do not have access to the Internet live in developing countries. This statistic is alarming and potentially dangerous. Areas that do not have the possibility to connect with the outside world are at risk of isolation, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, data shows that there is a correlation between poor infrastructure and lack of Internet in the least developed countries. This makes sense since digital tools play a large part in helping advance society in more ways than one. In order to help solve this issue, the United Nations’ Information Technology branch is creating useful initiatives that will bring basic Internet tools to economically-disadvantaged areas. After all, given its ability to help those in need, the Internet should not be a luxury, nor should it be limited to those in industrialized nations.

Which supporting detail is an example of the author’s opinion, rather than a fact?

Most people would not want to spend one day without the Internet.
One in three people on the planet is not able to access the Internet.
There is a connection between substandard infrastructure and lack of access to the Internet.
The United Nations is developing programs to guarantee access to the Internet around the world.

Question 27 of 47

27. Question

The Digital Divide

Could you imagine a life without the Internet? Most people would cringe at the thought of having to pass just one day without using the Internet to shop, keep in touch with friends, or just scroll the time away. However, three billion people around the world have never had access to the Internet, according to a recent report from the United Nations, and pass each and every day without it. This means that roughly one in three people on the planet do not have access to perhaps the most innovative tool known to man. According to the study, an overwhelming ninety-six percent of people who do not have access to the Internet live in developing countries. This statistic is alarming and potentially dangerous. Areas that do not have the possibility to connect with the outside world are at risk of isolation, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, data shows that there is a correlation between poor infrastructure and lack of Internet in the least developed countries. This makes sense since digital tools play a large part in helping advance society in more ways than one. In order to help solve this issue, the United Nations’ Information Technology branch is creating useful initiatives that will bring basic Internet tools to economically-disadvantaged areas. After all, given its ability to help those in need, the Internet should not be a luxury, nor should it be limited to those in industrialized nations.

Which of the following statements best describes the point of view of the author?

Society has an unhealthy dependence on the Internet, which has done more harm than good.
Access to the Internet should not be limited to those in industrialized nations because it is a useful tool that can help people in different ways.
While the digital divide is unfortunate, it is extremely difficult to guarantee access to the Internet in certain countries due to economic disparities.
Since everyone relies on the Internet for different reasons, it makes sense that its use throughout the world varies.

Question 28 of 47

28. Question

Ice Cubes for the Environment

Scientists from the University of California have recently invented seemingly perfect ice cubes called “Jelly Ice Cubes”. Many believe that these ice cubes could help areas affected by droughts and aid in conserving water, among other things. Not only do the hydrogel-filled cubes keep things cold for up to thirteen hours, but they are also reusable and can withstand a weight of up to twenty-two pounds. These aspects truly make them the perfect option for food processing plants and manufacturing centers. Plus, they are the first of their kind to be fully biodegradable. Despite the benefits, some critics are skeptical of the need for such a product. However, a thorough understanding of startling statistics would likely ease any of their concerns. As of now, the U.S. Geological Survey reports that 1.7 trillion gallons of water are wasted each year, and a large part comes from supply chain waste. If food-processing factories switched out traditional ice cubes for this reusable hydrogel option, water waste and utility costs could both be exponentially reduced. In addition to water conservation, researchers posit that reusable ice cubes could also stop the spread of dangerous pathogens in factories. For instance, recent exposès have found that fish-processing factories inappropriately reuse ice for different types of preparation in order to save on costs. However, it is known that this contributes greatly to food-poisoning risks. Since the jelly ice cubes can be sanitized in between use, the risks for cross-contamination are not as considerable. Decision-makers should recognize the benefits this product has to offer and do their part in ending water waste.

What is the main idea of the paragraph?

Jelly ice cubes could have a positive impact on the environment and curb the spread of certain illnesses.
Because of their health benefits, jelly ice cubes should be used in food processing plants.
Using jelly ice cubes throughout the supply chain process could dramatically decrease the amount of water wasted each year.
The newest jelly ice cube invention could help people affected by drought and other environmental catastrophes

Question 29 of 47

29. Question

Ice Cubes for the Environment

Scientists from the University of California have recently invented seemingly perfect ice cubes called “Jelly Ice Cubes”. Many believe that these ice cubes could help areas affected by droughts and aid in conserving water, among other things. Not only do the hydrogel-filled cubes keep things cold for up to thirteen hours, but they are also reusable and can withstand a weight of up to twenty-two pounds. These aspects truly make them the perfect option for food processing plants and manufacturing centers. Plus, they are the first of their kind to be fully biodegradable. Despite the benefits, some critics are skeptical of the need for such a product. However, a thorough understanding of startling statistics would likely ease any of their concerns. As of now, the U.S. Geological Survey reports that 1.7 trillion gallons of water are wasted each year, and a large part comes from supply chain waste. If food-processing factories switched out traditional ice cubes for this reusable hydrogel option, water waste and utility costs could both be exponentially reduced. In addition to water conservation, researchers posit that reusable ice cubes could also stop the spread of dangerous pathogens in factories. For instance, recent exposès have found that fish-processing factories inappropriately reuse ice for different types of preparation in order to save on costs. However, it is known that this contributes greatly to food-poisoning risks. Since the jelly ice cubes can be sanitized in between use, the risks for cross-contamination are not as considerable. Decision-makers should recognize the benefits this product has to offer and do their part in ending water waste.

What can be inferred regarding the food-processing factories mentioned in the passage?

The costs associated with jelly ice cubes are too high for their budgets.
They have placed more importance on cost-cutting measures rather than food safety
They have likely broken other laws in addition to going against food safety regulations.
They do not believe that the jelly ice cubes will make any difference in their production quality.

Question 30 of 47

30. Question

Ice Cubes for the Environment

Scientists from the University of California have recently invented seemingly perfect ice cubes called “Jelly Ice Cubes”. Many believe that these ice cubes could help areas affected by droughts and aid in conserving water, among other things. Not only do the hydrogel-filled cubes keep things cold for up to thirteen hours, but they are also reusable and can withstand a weight of up to twenty-two pounds. These aspects truly make them the perfect option for food processing plants and manufacturing centers. Plus, they are the first of their kind to be fully biodegradable. Despite the benefits, some critics are skeptical of the need for such a product. However, a thorough understanding of startling statistics would likely ease any of their concerns. As of now, the U.S. Geological Survey reports that 1.7 trillion gallons of water are wasted each year, and a large part comes from supply chain waste. If food-processing factories switched out traditional ice cubes for this reusable hydrogel option, water waste and utility costs could both be exponentially reduced. In addition to water conservation, researchers posit that reusable ice cubes could also stop the spread of dangerous pathogens in factories. For instance, recent exposès have found that fish-processing factories inappropriately reuse ice for different types of preparation in order to save on costs. However, it is known that this contributes greatly to food-poisoning risks. Since the jelly ice cubes can be sanitized in between use, the risks for cross-contamination are not as considerable. Decision-makers should recognize the benefits this product has to offer and do their part in ending water waste.

What is the author’s general opinion regarding those who question the need for jelly ice cubes?

Their doubts are warranted, especially given the fact that similar products have already been made.
They are actively contributing to the problem of global water waste.
Once they investigate further into the matter, they will end up supporting the idea.
They are correct to have reservations because it is unlikely that the product will become popular.

Question 31 of 47

31. Question

The Cursed Lake

When cell phones start acting strangely, many might immediately assume that hacking, spam accounts, or malicious links are to blame. In fact, that is exactly what some Android users imagined when their mobile phones recently crashed without warning, and at times, forced them to cope with data loss. However, the culprit was not only much simpler than a hacker, but it also had good intentions! A seemingly “normal” photograph of St. Mary’s lake in Montana, which had been uploaded to a photo-sharing website by a seasoned photographer, was to blame for the technological blunder. Although the problem initially seemed unexplainable, programmers soon realized that the photo-editing software used by the photographer of the infamous photo contained a bug, which caused drastic issues for certain Android systems. In short, the photographer had unknowingly selected a color-mode option from the Adobe Lightroom editing software that was incompatible with certain Android operating systems, resulting in crashes that were only resolvable with complete factory resets. Luckily, the bug was limited to only certain versions of Android systems, and the photo was able to be viewed on other mobile phones without any impediments. Despite its pesky result, the beautiful photograph of St. Mary’s Lake went viral soon after the incident and remains popular today. It proves, however, that all that glitters is not always gold.

Which of the following ideas can be inferred regarding the solution to the problem?

The solution could not salvage users’ mobile phone settings and preferences.
Affected users likely had to purchase a new phone.
The solution was expensive and time-consuming.
The solution made it possible to view the photograph without any problems.

Question 32 of 47

32. Question

The Cursed Lake

When cell phones start acting strangely, many might immediately assume that hacking, spam accounts, or malicious links are to blame. In fact, that is exactly what some Android users imagined when their mobile phones recently crashed without warning, and at times, forced them to cope with data loss. However, the culprit was not only much simpler than a hacker, but it also had good intentions! A seemingly “normal” photograph of St. Mary’s lake in Montana, which had been uploaded to a photo-sharing website by a seasoned photographer, was to blame for the technological blunder. Although the problem initially seemed unexplainable, programmers soon realized that the photo-editing software used by the photographer of the infamous photo contained a bug, which caused drastic issues for certain Android systems. In short, the photographer had unknowingly selected a color-mode option from the Adobe Lightroom editing software that was incompatible with certain Android operating systems, resulting in crashes that were only resolvable with complete factory resets. Luckily, the bug was limited to only certain versions of Android systems, and the photo was able to be viewed on other mobile phones without any impediments. Despite its pesky result, the beautiful photograph of St. Mary’s Lake went viral soon after the incident and remains popular today. It proves, however, that all that glitters is not always gold.

Which of the following statements best describes the point of view of the author?

The Adobe Lightroom software was the main culprit in this technological disaster.
What appeared to be a simple photograph on the surface turned out to have catastrophic consequences.
People are not well-informed about the risks of spam and viruses.
In general, Android systems need to be updated better in order to cope with these potential technological blunders.

Question 33 of 47

33. Question

The Cursed Lake

When cell phones start acting strangely, many might immediately assume that hacking, spam accounts, or malicious links are to blame. In fact, that is exactly what some Android users imagined when their mobile phones recently crashed without warning, and at times, forced them to cope with data loss. However, the culprit was not only much simpler than a hacker, but it also had good intentions! A seemingly “normal” photograph of St. Mary’s lake in Montana, which had been uploaded to a photo-sharing website by a seasoned photographer, was to blame for the technological blunder. Although the problem initially seemed unexplainable, programmers soon realized that the photo-editing software used by the photographer of the infamous photo contained a bug, which caused drastic issues for certain Android systems. In short, the photographer had unknowingly selected a color-mode option from the Adobe Lightroom editing software that was incompatible with certain Android operating systems, resulting in crashes that were only resolvable with complete factory resets. Luckily, the bug was limited to only certain versions of Android systems, and the photo was able to be viewed on other mobile phones without any impediments. Despite its pesky result, the beautiful photograph of St. Mary’s Lake went viral soon after the incident and remains popular today. It proves, however, that all that glitters is not always gold.

What is the meaning of the word “impediments” as it is used at the end of the paragraph?

Hindrances or complications in doing something
Defects in a person’s speech
Solutions to a problem
Positive results of a problematic situation

Question 34 of 47

34. Question

To: All Staff
From: John Griston, HR Manager
Subject: Dress Code Reminder

Good morning,

It has been two weeks since we introduced our new hybrid working schedule, including two days of working in the office and three days of working remotely. We sincerely hope that you are all finding it to be a beneficial transition from the fully-remote schedules that we had implemented at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. As expected, this transition has come with one particular issue that must be addressed, as we have been noticing some inconsistencies with the dress code. As such, we would like to remind all staff that our company’s dress code must be followed on days in which employees work in the office. Please keep in mind that our dress code has always been “business casual”, and it does not include jeans, ballcaps, tennis shoes, or sweatshirts. It is imperative that we all abide by the dress code, especially as we will be hosting various vendors and outside clients in our offices next week.

Please refer to the employee handbook if you have any questions regarding this matter. Thank you in advance for your cooperation and positive team spirit.

Best,
John Griston, HR Manager

Based on the memo, what should employees do if they are unsure of the dress code?

They should reach out to the HR Manager to clarify any doubts.
They should consult other members of their team.
They should check their company’s reference manual for more information.
They should reply to the business memo with any follow-up questions.

Question 35 of 47

35. Question

To: All Staff
From: John Griston, HR Manager
Subject: Dress Code Reminder

Good morning,

It has been two weeks since we introduced our new hybrid working schedule, including two days of working in the office and three days of working remotely. We sincerely hope that you are all finding it to be a beneficial transition from the fully-remote schedules that we had implemented at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. As expected, this transition has come with one particular issue that must be addressed, as we have been noticing some inconsistencies with the dress code. As such, we would like to remind all staff that our company’s dress code must be followed on days in which employees work in the office. Please keep in mind that our dress code has always been “business casual”, and it does not include jeans, ballcaps, tennis shoes, or sweatshirts. It is imperative that we all abide by the dress code, especially as we will be hosting various vendors and outside clients in our offices next week.

Please refer to the employee handbook if you have any questions regarding this matter. Thank you in advance for your cooperation and positive team spirit.

Best,
John Griston, HR Manager

What is the purpose of the memo?

To reassure employees that all transitions come with a learning curve and that their inconsistencies are warranted.
To inform employees that vendors and clients will be in the offices next week.
To remind employees that they must abide by the dress code.
To update employees on changes to the company’s dress code.

Question 36 of 47

36. Question

To: All Staff
From: John Griston, HR Manager
Subject: Dress Code Reminder

Good morning,

It has been two weeks since we introduced our new hybrid working schedule, including two days of working in the office and three days of working remotely. We sincerely hope that you are all finding it to be a beneficial transition from the fully-remote schedules that we had implemented at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. As expected, this transition has come with one particular issue that must be addressed, as we have been noticing some inconsistencies with the dress code. As such, we would like to remind all staff that our company’s dress code must be followed on days in which employees work in the office. Please keep in mind that our dress code has always been “business casual”, and it does not include jeans, ballcaps, tennis shoes, or sweatshirts. It is imperative that we all abide by the dress code, especially as we will be hosting various vendors and outside clients in our offices next week.

Please refer to the employee handbook if you have any questions regarding this matter. Thank you in advance for your cooperation and positive team spirit.

Best,
John Griston, HR Manager

Which of the following inferences can be made from the memo?

Griston Enterprises places importance on how external visitors view their employees’ professional appearance.
Just a few people have not been following the company’s dress code.
Employees must also follow the dress code when they work remotely.
Griston Enterprises’ employees are not happy about the new hybrid working schedule.

Question 37 of 47

37. Question

Motivated Summer Interns Wanted

Are you looking for a way to enhance your writing portfolio and gain valuable experience working with leading journalists? If so, our nationally-recognized Summer Internship may be perfect for you! Haverly Media Inc., located in Houston, Texas, is looking for determined university students who already have at least a basic understanding of media theory, on-camera delivery, and news writing. This two-month, unpaid position includes at least twenty weekly hours shadowing journalists as they cover breaking news, feature stories, and more in Houston and its surrounding areas. This hands-on experience is unparalleled and beneficial for budding journalists! Candidates applying from outside of the Houston area may be eligible for a housing stipend. At the end of the program, successful interns will be eligible to receive three college credits. All interested candidates should send a resume, three strong writing samples, and at least one reference letter from a university professor to summerjobs@haverlymedia.com. Please note that due to high demand, we are only able to respond to candidates we are interested in interviewing at this time.

Which of the following inferences can be made about candidates who will be selected for an interview?

They already live in Houston, Texas, or at least in the state of Texas.
They have selected and are pursuing a Communications and Rhetoric Major at university.
They will be sent an email if they are accepted for the interview round.
At least one person in their university’s faculty agreed to write something in their favor.

Question 38 of 47

38. Question

Motivated Summer Interns Wanted

Are you looking for a way to enhance your writing portfolio and gain valuable experience working with leading journalists? If so, our nationally-recognized Summer Internship may be perfect for you! Haverly Media Inc., located in Houston, Texas, is looking for determined university students who already have at least a basic understanding of media theory, on-camera delivery, and news writing. This two-month, unpaid position includes at least twenty weekly hours shadowing journalists as they cover breaking news, feature stories, and more in Houston and its surrounding areas. This hands-on experience is unparalleled and beneficial for budding journalists! Candidates applying from outside of the Houston area may be eligible for a housing stipend. At the end of the program, successful interns will be eligible to receive three college credits. All interested candidates should send a resume, three strong writing samples, and at least one reference letter from a university professor to summerjobs@haverlymedia.com. Please note that due to high demand, we are only able to respond to candidates we are interested in interviewing at this time.

Why does the author include the detail, “Please note that due to high demand, we are only able to respond to candidates we are interested in interviewing at this time”?

To highlight how popular the program is and increase demand for the position from potential candidates.
To explain the next step in the application process to candidates.
To persuade applicants to send in their applications as soon as possible.
To inspire applicants to gather the information necessary to send in an application.

Question 39 of 47

39. Question

Motivated Summer Interns Wanted

Are you looking for a way to enhance your writing portfolio and gain valuable experience working with leading journalists? If so, our nationally-recognized Summer Internship may be perfect for you! Haverly Media Inc., located in Houston, Texas, is looking for determined university students who already have at least a basic understanding of media theory, on-camera delivery, and news writing. This two-month, unpaid position includes at least twenty weekly hours shadowing journalists as they cover breaking news, feature stories, and more in Houston and its surrounding areas. This hands-on experience is unparalleled and beneficial for budding journalists! Candidates applying from outside of the Houston area may be eligible for a housing stipend. At the end of the program, successful interns will be eligible to receive three college credits. All interested candidates should send a resume, three strong writing samples, and at least one reference letter from a university professor to summerjobs@haverlymedia.com. Please note that due to high demand, we are only able to respond to candidates we are interested in interviewing at this time.

Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

Job shadowing is an effective and useful method to gain knowledge regarding one’s future career.
Students should always work at their local news stations to get invaluable hands-on experience in a variety of areas.
Breaking news stories are the most difficult pieces of news to write about.
Houston, Texas offers an exciting atmosphere for young adults, including a vibrant nightlife and other fun activities.

Question 40 of 47

40. Question

A Misplaced Drop in the Ocean

For marine biologists, the depths of the ocean can be a treasure trove of world wonders, ranging from the stunning coral reefs to diverse species of fish that roam the ocean floor. Although they stumble upon interesting artifacts quite often, a recent finding has stunned researchers across the globe because of its condition and the location in which it was discovered. According to their publication, a research team has recently confirmed finding a 100,000-year-old tusk that belonged to a female Columbian mammoth (also known as Mammuthus columbi) at the bottom of the ocean. However, this was not the most surprising part of the finding. Despite centuries of time that had gone by and the interference of human activities, the sample proved to be perfectly preserved and completely intact!

The researchers involved in the study have highlighted the fact that even though mammoths roamed the Earth centuries ago, finding their remnants is not necessarily a rare occurrence. In fact, at least two hundred skeletal remains have been found to date, but they are typically not found in the ocean. When they are found in the ocean, though, they are typically only a few meters from the surface. In this specific case, however, the tusk was located around 10,000 feet deep. Researchers believe that the somewhat “hidden” location helped maintain the tusk’s original aspects. Specifically, the sample was perfectly preserved due to the combination of low temperatures and the high pressure found only in the deep seabed. As the research team celebrates this interesting finding, they also plan on studying ocean currents to determine the tusk’s origin point and how it arrived in the depths of the ocean.

What is the main idea of the passage?

The deep sea’s mix of low temperatures and high pressure can help preserve fossils.
Based on a recent finding, scientists believe that more ancient fossils may be located in the deep seabed.
In a recent discovery, a mammoth tusk was found in the depths of the ocean in a rare, pristine condition.
Past ocean currents are likely a factor that affects where ancient fossils are currently located.

Question 41 of 47

41. Question

A Misplaced Drop in the Ocean

For marine biologists, the depths of the ocean can be a treasure trove of world wonders, ranging from the stunning coral reefs to diverse species of fish that roam the ocean floor. Although they stumble upon interesting artifacts quite often, a recent finding has stunned researchers across the globe because of its condition and the location in which it was discovered. According to their publication, a research team has recently confirmed finding a 100,000-year-old tusk that belonged to a female Columbian mammoth (also known as Mammuthus columbi) at the bottom of the ocean. However, this was not the most surprising part of the finding. Despite centuries of time that had gone by and the interference of human activities, the sample proved to be perfectly preserved and completely intact!

The researchers involved in the study have highlighted the fact that even though mammoths roamed the Earth centuries ago, finding their remnants is not necessarily a rare occurrence. In fact, at least two hundred skeletal remains have been found to date, but they are typically not found in the ocean. When they are found in the ocean, though, they are typically only a few meters from the surface. In this specific case, however, the tusk was located around 10,000 feet deep. Researchers believe that the somewhat “hidden” location helped maintain the tusk’s original aspects. Specifically, the sample was perfectly preserved due to the combination of low temperatures and the high pressure found only in the deep seabed. As the research team celebrates this interesting finding, they also plan on studying ocean currents to determine the tusk’s origin point and how it arrived in the depths of the ocean.

Which of the following supports the idea that the Mammuthus columbi discovery was surprising?

The tusk belonged to a female mammoth.
It has inspired researchers to investigate ocean currents.
It was found in the ocean.
It was in pristine condition.

Question 42 of 47

42. Question

A Misplaced Drop in the Ocean

For marine biologists, the depths of the ocean can be a treasure trove of world wonders, ranging from the stunning coral reefs to diverse species of fish that roam the ocean floor. Although they stumble upon interesting artifacts quite often, a recent finding has stunned researchers across the globe because of its condition and the location in which it was discovered. According to their publication, a research team has recently confirmed finding a 100,000-year-old tusk that belonged to a female Columbian mammoth (also known as Mammuthus columbi) at the bottom of the ocean. However, this was not the most surprising part of the finding. Despite centuries of time that had gone by and the interference of human activities, the sample proved to be perfectly preserved and completely intact!

The researchers involved in the study have highlighted the fact that even though mammoths roamed the Earth centuries ago, finding their remnants is not necessarily a rare occurrence. In fact, at least two hundred skeletal remains have been found to date, but they are typically not found in the ocean. When they are found in the ocean, though, they are typically only a few meters from the surface. In this specific case, however, the tusk was located around 10,000 feet deep. Researchers believe that the somewhat “hidden” location helped maintain the tusk’s original aspects. Specifically, the sample was perfectly preserved due to the combination of low temperatures and the high pressure found only in the deep seabed. As the research team celebrates this interesting finding, they also plan on studying ocean currents to determine the tusk’s origin point and how it arrived in the depths of the ocean.

Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?

Previous findings of fossils closer to the water’s surface were not as well preserved as the recent tusk found 10,000 meters below the surface.
It is rare to find fossil evidence from female mammoths.
Marine biologists are mostly focused on finding fossil evidence.
Because of high pressure and low temperatures, most fossils are unable to remain intact in the deep sea.

Question 43 of 47

43. Question

A Misplaced Drop in the Ocean

For marine biologists, the depths of the ocean can be a treasure trove of world wonders, ranging from the stunning coral reefs to diverse species of fish that roam the ocean floor. Although they stumble upon interesting artifacts quite often, a recent finding has stunned researchers across the globe because of its condition and the location in which it was discovered. According to their publication, a research team has recently confirmed finding a 100,000-year-old tusk that belonged to a female Columbian mammoth (also known as Mammuthus columbi) at the bottom of the ocean. However, this was not the most surprising part of the finding. Despite centuries of time that had gone by and the interference of human activities, the sample proved to be perfectly preserved and completely intact!

The researchers involved in the study have highlighted the fact that even though mammoths roamed the Earth centuries ago, finding their remnants is not necessarily a rare occurrence. In fact, at least two hundred skeletal remains have been found to date, but they are typically not found in the ocean. When they are found in the ocean, though, they are typically only a few meters from the surface. In this specific case, however, the tusk was located around 10,000 feet deep. Researchers believe that the somewhat “hidden” location helped maintain the tusk’s original aspects. Specifically, the sample was perfectly preserved due to the combination of low temperatures and the high pressure found only in the deep seabed. As the research team celebrates this interesting finding, they also plan on studying ocean currents to determine the tusk’s origin point and how it arrived in the depths of the ocean.

Which of the following would best replace “remnants”, as it is used in the second paragraph?

The entirety of the fossil
Remains
Clutter
Small particles

Question 44 of 47

44. Question

The Video Game Impulse

Video games can offer a fun, relaxing way to take a break from reality and decompress from the stress of everyday life. However, with the advent of virtual reality games, many parents are frustrated by the fact that children seem to be devoting more time and interest to video games while leaving other important responsibilities by the wayside. Although many are often quick to blame the issue on video games, likely even citing video game addiction as the problem, research shows that both biology and neurology may actually have more to do with the issue than we once imagined. In fact, scientific studies have determined that video game addiction affects less than one percent of those who engage in the activity. Rather, scientists argue that the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for managing impulses, is the main reason why adolescents have a hard time stepping away from video games.

The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until the age of twenty-five, which explains why children may find it difficult to stop playing video games when they have other tasks to attend to. Although specific studies on video games and dopamine levels have never been done on children, current research tells us that progressing in a video game increases dopamine levels in adults. Despite the positive feelings of a dopamine surplus, most neurotypical adults generally have sound reasoning skills allowing them to switch to another task and focus on the responsibilities at hand, such as going to work or cleaning the house, even if they are not particularly interesting or satisfying. However, an undeveloped prefrontal cortex makes this task difficult for adolescents. Unless an even more rewarding experience is waiting for children once they put the video game controller down, for example, they will not have any reason to stop playing. As such, parents should develop a basic set of rules and a predetermined time limit to help adolescents adjust their habits and better adapt in between activities.

Which statement best summarizes the second paragraph?

The development of the prefrontal cortex influences how people respond to increasing dopamine levels, as well as their ability to move on to a different activity.
With a better understanding of how the prefrontal cortex works, parents will be better able to manage their children’s habits.
Research shows that neurotypical adults use reasoning skills to easily switch between activities when necessary.
A dopamine surplus can occur when video game players complete a certain objective in the game.

Question 45 of 47

45. Question

The Video Game Impulse

Video games can offer a fun, relaxing way to take a break from reality and decompress from the stress of everyday life. However, with the advent of virtual reality games, many parents are frustrated by the fact that children seem to be devoting more time and interest to video games while leaving other important responsibilities by the wayside. Although many are often quick to blame the issue on video games, likely even citing video game addiction as the problem, research shows that both biology and neurology may actually have more to do with the issue than we once imagined. In fact, scientific studies have determined that video game addiction affects less than one percent of those who engage in the activity. Rather, scientists argue that the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for managing impulses, is the main reason why adolescents have a hard time stepping away from video games.

The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until the age of twenty-five, which explains why children may find it difficult to stop playing video games when they have other tasks to attend to. Although specific studies on video games and dopamine levels have never been done on children, current research tells us that progressing in a video game increases dopamine levels in adults. Despite the positive feelings of a dopamine surplus, most neurotypical adults generally have sound reasoning skills allowing them to switch to another task and focus on the responsibilities at hand, such as going to work or cleaning the house, even if they are not particularly interesting or satisfying. However, an undeveloped prefrontal cortex makes this task difficult for adolescents. Unless an even more rewarding experience is waiting for children once they put the video game controller down, for example, they will not have any reason to stop playing. As such, parents should develop a basic set of rules and a predetermined time limit to help adolescents adjust their habits and better adapt in between activities.

Which of the following can be inferred regarding video game addiction?

It has been incorrectly used as an explanation for why children spend a lot of time playing video games.
It affects adults more than it affects children.
It is mostly limited to neurodiverse adults.
It does not have anything to do with the neurological processes of individuals.

Question 46 of 47

46. Question

The Video Game Impulse

Video games can offer a fun, relaxing way to take a break from reality and decompress from the stress of everyday life. However, with the advent of virtual reality games, many parents are frustrated by the fact that children seem to be devoting more time and interest to video games while leaving other important responsibilities by the wayside. Although many are often quick to blame the issue on video games, likely even citing video game addiction as the problem, research shows that both biology and neurology may actually have more to do with the issue than we once imagined. In fact, scientific studies have determined that video game addiction affects less than one percent of those who engage in the activity. Rather, scientists argue that the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for managing impulses, is the main reason why adolescents have a hard time stepping away from video games.

The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until the age of twenty-five, which explains why children may find it difficult to stop playing video games when they have other tasks to attend to. Although specific studies on video games and dopamine levels have never been done on children, current research tells us that progressing in a video game increases dopamine levels in adults. Despite the positive feelings of a dopamine surplus, most neurotypical adults generally have sound reasoning skills allowing them to switch to another task and focus on the responsibilities at hand, such as going to work or cleaning the house, even if they are not particularly interesting or satisfying. However, an undeveloped prefrontal cortex makes this task difficult for adolescents. Unless an even more rewarding experience is waiting for children once they put the video game controller down, for example, they will not have any reason to stop playing. As such, parents should develop a basic set of rules and a predetermined time limit to help adolescents adjust their habits and better adapt in between activities.

Which of the following is an example of opinion, rather than fact?

Video game addiction occurs in less than one percent of video game players.
When someone advances in a video game, they can experience an increase in dopamine levels.
Parents should set a time limit for their children to abide by when they play video games.
The prefrontal cortex is not typically fully developed in people under the age of twenty-five.

Question 47 of 47

47. Question

The Video Game Impulse

Video games can offer a fun, relaxing way to take a break from reality and decompress from the stress of everyday life. However, with the advent of virtual reality games, many parents are frustrated by the fact that children seem to be devoting more time and interest to video games while leaving other important responsibilities by the wayside. Although many are often quick to blame the issue on video games, likely even citing video game addiction as the problem, research shows that both biology and neurology may actually have more to do with the issue than we once imagined. In fact, scientific studies have determined that video game addiction affects less than one percent of those who engage in the activity. Rather, scientists argue that the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for managing impulses, is the main reason why adolescents have a hard time stepping away from video games.

The prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until the age of twenty-five, which explains why children may find it difficult to stop playing video games when they have other tasks to attend to. Although specific studies on video games and dopamine levels have never been done on children, current research tells us that progressing in a video game increases dopamine levels in adults. Despite the positive feelings of a dopamine surplus, most neurotypical adults generally have sound reasoning skills allowing them to switch to another task and focus on the responsibilities at hand, such as going to work or cleaning the house, even if they are not particularly interesting or satisfying. However, an undeveloped prefrontal cortex makes this task difficult for adolescents. Unless an even more rewarding experience is waiting for children once they put the video game controller down, for example, they will not have any reason to stop playing. As such, parents should develop a basic set of rules and a predetermined time limit to help adolescents adjust their habits and better adapt in between activities.

Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?

In general, children should not be allowed to play video games because they do more harm than good.
Rather than immediately assuming that a child has a video game addiction, it would be a good idea to understand how their brain controls impulses.
For the most part, parents do not take an active role in managing what their children do with their free time.
Video game manufacturers should make it more difficult for users to progress in a video game, thus lowering the dopamine rush that users experience while playing.

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HESI A2 Reading Review

*Updated* HESI A2 Reading Comprehension Diagnostic (47 Questions)